Aristotle
The Philosopher Aristotle was one of Plato’s greatest students. But Aristotle made a few changes to Plato’s philosophy. He still retained the platonic view that reality consist of forms but not that they existed in some mysterious transcendent realm of ideas, finding such ideas useless as an explanatory instrument for gaining the most common feature of natural experience, change or motion.

Aristotle held that, form’s and matter existed, but they were not in separate realms. Rather the forms are an element of things in the world we perceive. For Aristotle the forms were in matter or objects. Therefore we can lookout into the world and the data in the matter will be perceived by our senses and interpreted through our reasoning.
The active intellect examines, analyzes, and tries to understand the data by abstracting the forms from the material things. The problem with this view is that our minds determine what we call knowledge by interrupting sense data by our own mental concepts. Also do brute facts just live out there in objects waiting for us to draw them out into our minds? Matter as such is non-rational and cannot be the object of intellectual knowledge. Aristotle we could say was a rationalist and empiricist playing with his subjective thoughts.

Stoicism
The philosopher Zeno founded a school on the teachings of Stoicism. Stoicism held that all reality was material. The Universe was one huge soul working together by the laws of nature. For the Stoics knowledge begins in self-authenticating sensations. To doubt them they said was self defeating, as they would be based on experiences it presumes to doubt. The universe as a whole is run by impersonal fate, which makes any system of thought to be rational or true impossible.
The stoics failed to answer how an impersonal world could explain individual facts and rationality.